which products will see their prices flare up with rising tariffs?

The United States has, as expected, begun to apply on Friday Punitive customs taxes on $ 7.5 billion worth of European products, from airplanes to wine, cheese and construction equipment … An overview of the affected sectors, which differ from country to country.

These tariffs amount to 10% on aircraft, and 25% on food and textile products from other European Union countries as well as on German industrial goods.

The products covered represent annual exports of around € 6.8 billion. In 2018, total European exports to the United States amounted to 320 billion euros, according to Eurostat.

Aerospace

Only airliners assembled in Toulouse (France) or Hamburg (Germany) are hit, not the subcontractors.

Exports affected amounted to 3.16 billion euros in 2018, according to the German think tank IfW Kiel – but the value of Airbus to deliver in North America exceeds 120 billion dollars at list price.

"If there is a trade war" with reprisals from Brussels, "we will end up having two regional monopolies, Boeing in America, Airbus in Europe" because everyone will be too expensive on the other side of the Atlantic, said a European industrial source.

On planes assembled in France, the United States would levy $ 190 million of import duties, it added the same source.

French and Spanish wines

A new 25% tax applies to French, Spanish, German and British "still" (non-sparkling) wines with an alcohol content of 14% or less and containing less than two liters. This does not concern loose and sparkling wines such as sparkling wines and champagne.

In 2018, the French wines concerned achieved a turnover of one billion euros on the American market, according to the Federation of Wine and Spirits Exporters. Their sales jumped by 10% in value in the first half of 2019.

On the Spanish side, exports of the wines concerned in the United States amounted to 240 million euros last year.

Italian wines escape sanctions (exports of 1.5 billion euros in 2018), but not German white wines and spirits (180 million euros).

Scottish whiskey

British, Irish, German, Spanish and Italian spirits are also overtaxed – French cognac is thus spared.

Whiskey is at the forefront: Scottish "single malt whiskey" is more than half the value of British products pinned by the United States, or more than 460 million dollars, according to industry.

The British giant Diageo ensures to be able to "absorb the effects" of the sanctions, but fears "the impact on the independent distilleries" Scottish "smaller".

For its part, the world's second largest spirits company Pernod Ricard lamented a "significant impact" for its Scottish single malts (Glenlivet) as for its Spanish brand of still wines Campo Viejo. The company says it has recorded "a small effect of anticipated orders in anticipation" of sanctions.

cheese

The American list includes cheeses such as cheddar, stilton, parmesan cheese, sheep cheese and blue marbled cheeses – with the specific exception of Roquefort cheese.

French cheeses are only marginally concerned, according to Bercy. On the other hand, half of cheese exports from the Netherlands to the United States are affected, according to the Dutch government, for an annual amount of about 39 million euros.

Spanish olive oil

Other food products are targeted: certain fruits (oranges, lemons, cherries …) and juices, prepared shellfish, or certain cold cuts and sausages, as well as German and British biscuits and waffles and coffee exported by Germany.

Especially, olives and Spanish olive oils are taxed at 25%. Spain exported to the United States last year for 405 million euros of olive oil – a sector employing 400,000 farmers in the country. The exported olives also weighed 179 million euros.

In total, half of Spain's agri-food exports to the United States would be taxed, or about $ 1 billion. On the other hand, olive oil from Italy (436 million euros worth of exports) as well as pasta and tomato preserves from the country are spared. Only 500 million euros of Italian food exports are affected, out of more than 4 billion in total.

German tools and construction machines

If the car escapes this round of sanctions, some portable power tools and construction equipment (excavators …) made in Germany are targeted at 25%, as well as camera lenses from the same country.

According to the IfW firm, the exports of power tools last year were worth 130 million euros, while those of excavating machines amounted to 100 million euros.

British textile

Only the UK is subject to 25% taxes on wool and cashmere sweaters, women's anoraks and pajamas, men's suits or bedding.